Using Essay Topics about Serving the Community

Using Essay Topics about Serving the Community Introducing Essay Topics about Serving the Community Before submitting your assignment, you will need to be certain that it's flawless and error-free. Introduction where you're supposed to introduce the topic to the listeners, obtain their attention and demonstrate the value of community service in today's world. Therefore, if you believe that they ought to o better than that which they have done, you're totally free to request revisions. Creative Essay writing is currently recognized among the most helpful activity for kids for their general personality development. If you wish to receive a degree from a reliable American college or university, then you want to ensure that you're submitting flawless and superior essays. Otherwise, read this practical article. Concentrate on the objective of speaking and develop a valid thesis statement. The New Fuss About Essay Topics about Serving the Community The second passage is a lot more detailed. Body Paragraph One Community service has many critical advantages to service workers. Through the many reforms our police in the us, we've yet to locate a constant policing system that's effective throughout the centuries. Remain attentive to locate relevant examples. Good enforcement of the law begins with the intent of serving the community. In general, community policing is essentially an association between law enforcement and the community to create a better atmosphe re so there is not as much crime prices. The very first sentence is quite a general, bland statement. For instance, if an individual was caught speeding, an adequate service an individual should do is to turn into a lollipop man at a neighborhood school crossing. Since I took notes, I began to realize that maybe these kids weren't so different from me. These individuals are part of the community support. A young man, concerning the age of 25, had been hurt in an automobile collision. You may also contact the area at which you'd love to do your community assistance, like a specific animal shelter or nursing home, and ask if they take volunteers. In the end, you can participate in a quiz to check if you're well-versed in public speaking. The list is practically endless. We've got a whole list of all of the community service scholarships available to assist get your search started! Utilize your example to hold up your opinion and explain it. The New Fuss About Essay Topics about Serving the Community Volunteering at the church permits me to fulfill the requirements of people who may have no other place to go. I'll still continue to aid others in the community no matter where I go. The ideal thing about community service is it has no time limit and everyone can take part. Additionally, it is sometimes the only way to gain the knowledge about hazards arising from felonies. Thereby, in the event you started your career as an activist, speak to your mentor what you enjoy about this work and that which you understand how to do well. The mentor helps beginners to start. In general, the opportunity granted me an opportunity to broaden my horizons. Dig deep and consider the way your perspective evolved as a consequence of your experience. Conclusion in which you generate a base for taking the necessary actions to address a number of the problems mentioned in the principal part. This experience showed me that however big my problems seem I'm truly blessed. Then it's possible to supply the consequences of the given situation.

Birth Of A Nation Art Or Propaganda Essay examples

Birth of A Nation: Art or Propaganda nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mankind, engaging in war, driven by whatever instincts guide him, seeks to keep the defeats and victories of battle in his memory and on his conscience. To accomplish this men have used paint and canvas, ink and paper, or instrument and song in their effort to communicate the tragedy and glory of war. Never, before the career of D.W. Griffith had anyone attempted to bring the subject to film. The result of his efforts, weaknesses aside, mark a change in attitude towards film as a media. Perhaps audiences previously going to a picture expected emotional manipulation. After all, years before the film Birth of a nation, makers of film employed techniques to evoke pathos†¦show more content†¦This imagery proves that Griffith wasnt just presenting actors and a plot, he intended to dig far deeper than that, into the realm of a clever storyteller. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another example of his unique style is the use of foreshadowing, another literary device now commonly employed in film. The most prominent example of this is the scene where two gentlemen are talking, and as the camera pans down, we see a puppy struggling with a k itten. This is another strong example of symbolism; however, even more importantly it foreshadows the coming war. It is expertly placed to add to the building tension between sides which the audience already knows results in confrontation. Its placement reflects Griffiths desire to advance the complexity and diversity of film beyond entertainment to higher levels in society. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;To manipulate his audiences emotions, he first had to draw them into the story and in turn into the stories underlying theme. He accomplished this by using numerous virgin film tools, much as an artist uses his own tools to create a believable painting. Among these tools he uses panoramas to illustrate setting, to paint, if you will - a moving picture. To show the swell of heated gunfire on a crowded battlefield i.e.the scene of the battle of Petersburg, or to bring across image of the delicate beauty of his native southern land to those who had never been there orShow MoreRelatedEssay on Propaganda1215 Words   |  5 Pages Distorted Mirror of Reality â€Å"All propaganda must be popular and its intellectual level must be adjusted to the most limited intelligence among those it is addressed to, consequently, the greater the mass it is intended to reach, the lower its purely intellectual level will have to be.† ~Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf â€Å"Psychology of Propaganda† Fascism is a form of counter-revolutionary politics that first arose in the early part of the twentieth-century in Europe. 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International companies develop management and other practices in accordance with the national culture they are operating in† (BusinessDictionary.com, 2017) The essentials of a specific culture places emphasis on what is socially acceptable to that specific demographic with regard to its heritage and can be best summed as the complexities of the whole society. Five majorRead MoreSocio-Cultural Analysis Of North Korea. 13F Alc Class 003-17.1565 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication 6 Significant past military conflicts and their impact on the society 6 Weather analysis 7 Civil considerations 7 â€Æ' The meaning of culture â€Å"The set of norms, behaviors, beliefs and customs that exist within the population of a sovereign nation. International companies develop management and other practices in accordance with the national culture they are operating in† (BusinessDictionary.com, 2017) The essentials of a specific culture places emphasis on what is socially acceptable to thatRead MoreReality Of Cinem A Subjective Perspective1506 Words   |  7 Pagesthat no work of art can be separated from the hand of the artist. The only times when this subjectivity is harmful is when a film is made with intent to prejudice or cause harm for others. Therefore, for our purposes, when the topic of â€Å"reality† is breached, it will mean a representation of the world which is not intended to be used for the harm of others. A representation of the world which is intended to be used for the harm of others is prejudice, and is not reality. 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This essay considers the way in which myths are used in nation-building and war by examining several prominent examples. The Merriam-Webster dictionary provides several definitions for the word â€Å"myth.† One is that which

Kurdistan Kurdish Statelessness - 653 Words

Kurdish Statelessness The Kurds are a large group of people who are from Kurdistan. Kurdistan is a large area of land in the Middle East that makes up land throughout Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. Although the Kurdish people have lived in Kurdistan for centuries, their land has never been declared a state. Therefore, the Kurdish people are a stateless population. The Kurds mostly live throughout Iran, Turkey and Iraq. Also, some of them can be found living in Syria, Russia, Lebanon and Germany. Kurdish intellectuals live in exile in European countries such as France, Sweden etc. (1 pg.1). In 1975, the Kurds made up 19 percent of Turkey’s population with a total number of 7,500,000 people. They had a population of 2,500,000 people in Iraq which made 23 percent of the country’s population. In Iran, the Kurdish people made up 10 percent of Iran’s population consisting of 3,500,000. In addition, the Kurds were a part of 8.5 percent of Syria’s population with 500,000 people (1 pg. 4). Moreover, in 1991, the Kurds maintained 19 percent of Turkey’s population with an increased population of 10,800,000 people. Their numbers increased in Iraq with a population of 4,100,000 people upholding their 23 percentile. The Kurdish people increased in numbers and made up 23 percent of Iran’s population with a number of 5,500,000. Their population consisted of 1,000,000 in Syria making up 8 percent of their populace (1 pg. 4). Therefore, one can draw the conclusion that the Kurds are in large

Leadership and Organizational Ambidexterity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership and Organizational Ambidexterity. Answer: Introduction: According to me, leadership is the ability that will help me in influencing the entire group towards achievement of the goals in an organization. As learned by me in different lectures, I have understood that leadership is a complex process that involves different interactions between the leaders as well as the followers in different situations. I have also seen that there are different researchers who generally focused on physical attributes of leadership and few others focus on the leadership determinants. According to me, there are different views on leadership wherein it is a phenomenon that is based on five concepts namely: Legitimacy is one of the leadership behaviors, wherein I have seen that leadership is the behavior that focuses on the behavior of the followers that influences others. This helped me in understanding that legitimacy is based on the perception of the different followers. Intentions are another behavior of leadership wherein I have learnt that the perceptions have to be properly focused on the viewpoint of the leaders. I have seen that the legitimacy and intentions are different from each other as the focus is different in both the cases. Initiative is the leadership behavior wherein the leaders and the followers are provided with equal opportunity in keeping their viewpoints. According to me, in this kind of behavior of leadership, the entire focus is provided on the independent discretion as well as judgment of both the leader and the followers as well. In this concept, the followers want their leaders to understand their situations properly. Morality is the kind of behavior wherein I understood that all the individuals have their own choices wherein expert judgments are required. Behavior is the main criteria wherein the leaders need to guide the followers by providing proper motivation. Therefore, according to me, leadership is a complex process that has to be followed by both leaders, followers as this will help in providing guidance, and motivation to be provided to both the parties and this will help in generating positive results. According to me, leadership plays an essential role in the success of the entire organization. I think proper leadership is essential: It will help in influencing the behavior of the individuals in an organization, as this will help in providing proper opportunities to all the individuals as to get positive and accurate results. Secondly, I have analyzed that proper leadership will help the organization in fulfilling the needs of the organization along with analyzing the opportunities as this will help the employees in fulfilling the needs of the employees as well. Thirdly, leadership will help in introducing the different changes that are required that will help in understanding the changes that will rapidly take place and as per me it will be eliminated with proper quality of leadership as well. Leadership will help in solving all the issues and conflicts in an effective manner, as this will help me in providing proper power and minimizing the possibility of the adverse results. Lastly, leadership will help the organization and the individuals in providing proper training and development to the individuals in keeping s updated about the modern techniques of the work in the organization. Therefore, proper leadership qualities are essential in the organization and for the individuals, as well as this will help in providing proper leadership qualities to the individuals as well as the organizations. Implications of leadership There are different implications of leadership that will have huge influence on me in the future. There are different implications that are discussed as follows: Problem solving and proper critical thinking ability Proper leadership and collaboration Adoptability as well as agility in the behavior Proper as well as effective written and oral communication Proper entrepreneurship and initiative taking ability There are different aspects that will help me in providing opportunity for solving the problems and this will help in providing critical thinking ability as well. This will help me in taking collaborative decisions and this will help me in developing and adopting proper oral and written skills of communication that will help me in becoming an effective leader in the future as well. Lastly, it will help in developing entrepreneurship skills in becoming a great leader of an organization as well. The last implication will be it will help in taking proper initiatives taking ability on different decisions of the organization. The agility is essential and important as well as this will help me in maintaining proper and effective results in the future as well. There are other aspects as well that will help me in achieving proper and accurate leadership skills in the future as well. The other learning apart from the previous ones that has been learnt by me is as follows: Persisting myself into positivity as this will help me in analyzing the new developments that is required in order to inspire me in achieving the goals in the organization as well. Secondly, recognizing the contributions properly by me in future, as this will help me in recognizing and rewarding myself for the efforts that has been provided by me in completion of certain tasks. Proper communication is essential as well as this is required in order to ascertain the instructions properly and this will help me in building proper connections with the Proper cultivation of the connections along with taking interest in the issues faced by the employees will help me in becoming a great and effective leader in the future. Proper optimization of the opportunities will help me in making the build proper relationship with the employees and rewarding the employees for their effort. This will help me in making proper relationship with my employees in the future. Development of leadership knowledge and skills There are different requirements of the leadership skills as well as knowledge, as it is essential in nature for making me more effective in nature. Proper formal training is required and it is essential in nature as well as this will help in developing cognitive abilities by proper creativity as well (Boehm et al., 2015). Proper motives as well as vales are essential as this will help in generating proper achievement as well as the need for socialized power and generate proper and effective leadership skill development (Chiniara et al., 2016) Proper problem solving skills is essential in nature as well as this will help in understanding the issues that are faced by the organizations along with the members of the organization (De, Dirks Gillespie, 2016). The expertise knowledge is required in order to make the system more effective in nature as well. According to me, there are different leadership development skills and knowledge that is required by the organizations as well as the employees in the organization. The employees need to identify the different issues that are faced by them previously and this will help in solving such issues with proper leadership skills and knowledge as well. There are different models of development of leadership skills and knowledge that will help in analyzing the skills that are required. General Electric Model of development of leadership is essential in nature, as this will help the managers in the organization with proper and high potential to perform the activities. The proper development is monitored and checked, as proper planning is essential to gain proper knowledge and skills. Proper as well as rigorous process of evaluation program along with formal program of training will help them in providing effectiveness in the organization. Lastly, the leadership development programs will help both the organization and the employees in the respective organization in maintaining effective management practices in the organization (Bergh et al., 2016). Developmental opportunities There are different developmental opportunities that have to be properly ascertained by me that can be used in the organization along with the employees in the organization as well. The developmental opportunities have to be adopted by the companies by identifying the key concepts of the organization that includes the dynamic as well as proper relationship between the leadership skills along with the culture of the organization as well. The developmental opportunities are discusses as follows: Proper strategic thinking is essential and appropriate in nature as this will help in improving the overall ability of the employees and the organization in maintaining proper and effective management skills that are required to solve the issues that are faced by the management. Proper listening is essential as well as this will help in providing proper learning that is required in order to eliminate the different distractions that can affect the ability of listening of the individuals in the workplace The coaching is essential as well as this will help in shifting the style of leadership away from the directing and it will help the employees in receiving proper guidance and development. This is necessary for acquiring the skills of leadership that is required to develop proper plans for development Proper financial acumen is required in the developmental opportunity, as this will help me in understanding as well as interpreting the numbers that will help in improving the business of the respective organizations as well. Proper customer knowledge as well as changing the competitiveness in industry will help in changing the sustainability in the organization The talent management is another developmental opportunity that is required in order to making as well as improving proper relationships with the entire management. It will help in directing the different reports with proper usage of the advancement in technologies as well. These are the developmental opportunities that are required in the organizations as well as the employees too require proper opportunities such as the talent management along with collaborative management is required for the organization. This will help me in understanding the developmental opportunities that is necessary in maintaining proper and effective results in the future. Implementation of the improvement wherein it is required Proper planning is required for proper implementation of improvements in the leadership skills that are required in order to make the planning effective in nature. This will help in enhancing the information that is required in making the qualities of leadership more effective and prominent in nature. According to me, proper leadership skills have to be ascertained in order to make the system effective in nature in different organizations. This will help in influencing the individuals in the organization as well in making the communication more effective in nature in the future. The analysis of the decisions are required in order to make the system more effective as this will help in maintaining proper change in the organization. Proper vision for the change in the organization will help me in improving the programs relating to the leadership developmental opportunities wherein more improvements are required with proper advancement in technologies. Proper employee involvement is required in order to measure the improvement in the entire processes that are required for making the process of leadership more effective in nature. The proper input feedback is required in order to make the customers focused improvements as this will help in management of proper improvement in the culture of the entire organizations as well. The feedback is essential in nature as well as this will help in providing proper enforcements in the behavior of the individuals. Therefore, I can conclude that leadership is a complex phenomenon that has to be properly adopted by the different organizations, as this will help in improvement of the process and improvements in the behavior of customers. The leadership is essential and effective in nature in the organizations, as this will help me in making drastic changes in the organization and in the behavior of the employees in the organization as well. The developmental opportunity has to be properly analyzed in order to understand the issues and it will help in solving such issues as well. References Bergh, D. D., Aguinis, H., Heavey, C., Ketchen, D. J., Boyd, B. K., Su, P., ... Joo, H. (2016). Using meta?analytic structural equation modeling to advance strategic management research: Guidelines and an empirical illustration via the strategic leadership?performance relationship.Strategic Management Journal,37(3), 477-497. Boehm, S. A., Dwertmann, D. J., Bruch, H., Shamir, B. (2015). The missing link? Investigating organizational identity strength and transformational leadership climate as mechanisms that connect CEO charisma with firm performance.The Leadership Quarterly,26(2), 156-171. Chiniara, M., Bentein, K., Gebert, D., Heinitz, K., Buengeler, C. (2016). Using social exchange theory, we propose a three-way interaction of despotic leadership, leader member exchange (LMX), and perceived organizational politics (POP) to predict employee job performance, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), and creativity. Using two-source field data (N= 480) with independent measures for predictors (self-reports) and outcomes (peer-reports), we tested our hypotheses...The Leadership Quarterly,27(1), 124-141. Chun, J. U., Cho, K., Sosik, J. J. (2016). A multilevel study of group?focused and individual?focused transformational leadership, social exchange relationships, and performance in teams.Journal of Organizational Behavior,37(3), 374-396. De Jong, B. A., Dirks, K. T., Gillespie, N. (2016). Trust and team performance: A meta-analysis of main effects, moderators, and covariates.Journal of Applied Psychology,101(8), 1134. Dong, Y., Bartol, K. M., Zhang, Z. X., Li, C. (2017). Enhancing employee creativity via individual skill development and team knowledge sharing: Influences of dual?focused transformational leadership.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(3), 439-458. Flanigan, R., Bishop, J., Brachle, B., Winn, B. (2017). Leadership and Small Firm Financial Performance: The Moderating Effects of Demographic Characteristics.Creighton Journal of Interdisciplinary Leadership,3(1), 2-19. Jiang, W., Gu, Q., Wang, G. G. (2015). To guide or to divide: The dual-side effects of transformational leadership on team innovation.Journal of Business and Psychology,30(4), 677-691. Li, G., Shang, Y., Liu, H., Xi, Y. (2014). Differentiated transformational leadership and knowledge sharing: A cross-level investigation.European Management Journal,32(4), 554-563. Liozu, S., Hinterhuber, A., Somers, T. (2014). Organizational design and pricing capabilities for superior firm performance. Management Decision, 52(1), 54-78. Mihalache, O. R., Jansen, J. J., Van den Bosch, F. A., Volberda, H. W. (2014). Top management team shared leadership and organizational ambidexterity: A moderated mediation framework.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,8(2), 128-148. Owens, B. P., Hekman, D. R. (2016). How does leader humility influence team performance? Exploring the mechanisms of contagion and collective promotion focus.Academy of Management Journal,59(3), 1088-1111. Ridge, J. W., Ingram, A. (2017). Modesty in the top management team: Investor reaction and performance implications.Journal of Management,43(4), 1283-1306. Wang, D., Waldman, D. A., Zhang, Z. (2014). A meta-analysis of shared leadership and team effectiveness. Williams, C. (2013).Principles of management. South-Western Cengage Learning. Zhang, X. A., Li, N., Ullrich, J., van Dick, R. (2015). Getting everyone on board: The effect of differentiated transformational leadership by CEOs on top management team effectiveness and leader-rated firm performance.Journal of Management,41(7), 1898-1933. Zhang, X. A., Li, N., Ullrich, J., van Dick, R. (2015). Getting everyone on board: The effect of differentiated transformational leadership by CEOs on top management team effectiveness and leader-rated firm performance.Journal of Management,41(7), 1898-1933.

The Day of Doom by Michael Wigglesworth free essay sample

â€Å"The Day of Doom† by Michael Wigglesworth The Day of Doom is not just any ordinary poem. Michael Wigglesworth, the poet, wrote this poem in such a way that the reader in the end should ask themselves this question, what must I do to be saved? The words of each stanza are crafted in ordinance with scriptures of the Bible. â€Å"The Puritans believed that the Bible was God’s true law, and that it provided a plan for living† (Kizer). Wigglesworth’s ultimate goal in writing this poem as a Puritan minister was to stress the ramifications of sin but also to glorify the reward of salvation. Words of hell fire and brimstone flowed from the mouths of eloquent ministers as they warned of the persuasiveness of the devil’s power† (Kizer). Puritans viewed sin as vile in the eye sight of God. â€Å"The Bible describes sin as the breaking, or transgression, of God’s law† Wigglesworth describes in stanza 2 how comfortable men and women became with sin in their life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Day of Doom by Michael Wigglesworth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Wallowing in all kind of sin, /vile wretches lay secure:/The best of men had scarcely then/ their lamps kept in good ure. /Virgins unwise, who through disguise/amongst the best were number’d, /Had closed their eyes: yea, and the wise/ through sloth and frailty slumber’d† (9-16).The tone of this particular stanza is an attention getter because of three particular words that are used. Frailty, sloth, vile all describe moral demeanors which Wigglesworth carefully placed at the beginning of this poem to capture foreshadow of something unexpected to come. Sloth in particular is a sign of an unexpected outcome because according to â€Å"Christian moral tradition, it is one of the seven deadly sins† (Spain). Wigglesworth is telling us that sin is apparent but the soul must be ready at all times because no man knows the hour or the day when God would come back to Judge his people. He illustrates this revelation in stanza 4 which states â€Å"They put away the evil day,/and drowned their cares and fears,/Til drowned were they, and swept away/by vengeance unawares:/So at last, whilst men sleep fast/In their security,/Surprised they are in such a snare/as cometh suddenly (25-32). Puritan believers are taught to live a strict lifestyle and to adhere to the word of God. This is why the ramifications of sinful behavior are punished by God. Wigglesworth not only described the unfavorable side of sin, but he also included in his poem the reward of sustaining from it.Sustaining from sin was far harder than it seemed but â€Å"the regenerate would reign with Christ eternally† (Baym, and Levine 239). The Day of Doom speaks to the hearts and minds of all believers who sacrificed their â€Å"earthly† lifestyles in order to gain something more joyous than what couldn’t possibly be received here on earth. The Puritans believed â€Å"God was at the fore front of their minds, He was to motivate all of their actions† (Kizer). This is why Wigglesworth voice about salvation in his poem spoke loud in reference to the precious reward of salvation.He not only wanted his readers to picture what it would be like to enter the Kingdom of Heaven but to realize that it is far better than entering the Kingdom of Hell. In stanza 221 he use words such as glorious, divine and bright to persuade us that Heaven is definitely where you want to end up after ascending from earth. â€Å"O glorious place! Where face to face/Jehovah may be seen, /By such as were sinners whilere/and no dark veil between. /Where the sun shine, and light divine, /of God’s bright countenance, /Doth rest upon them everyone, /with sweetest influence† (1761-1768).As a minister, Wigglesworth had a duty; a covenant with God to make sure the souls of the people did not perish. This poem is a very imperative message for all believers to make up their mind and decide what side they want to be sitting on when that final hour appear before the m. Do you want to sit on the right side, which is the symbol for Heaven or the left side, which is the symbol for Hell? The Day of Doom could definitely fit in the category of a Puritan Document. This poem speaks volumes in reference to the Puritan faith and how easy it is to forget about the Puritan morals and values if you are not careful.This is why the Puritan religion was not a religion that was â€Å"only practiced on Sunday; it was a way of life† (Emerson). By the amount of stanzas in the poem, it can be concluded that Wigglesworth wanted to make sure he covered all the important issues that Christians face with their lifestyle of salvation. He didn’t leave room for believers who backslid as well as nonbelievers to have any excuses as to why the Wrath was as it was. â€Å"One day, one week, wherein to seek/ God’s face with all your hearts, /A favor was that far pass/ the best of your deserts. You had a season, what was your reason/ such precious hours to wa ste? / What could you find, what could you mind/ that was of greater hast† (865-872)? I believe this poem was popular in its day because it kept the Puritans focused on their ultimate goal which was to ascend to Heaven with God. This poem was a reminder of where you would spend eternity if you did or didn’t do the right things in the eyesight of God. Although the bible is truly a source that could be referred to in a time of uncertainty, The Day of the Doom brought bible verses to reality.I believe the Puritans memorized the poem so they would have a quick reference just in case the thought of backsliding occurred. â€Å"Actions spoke louder than words for the Puritan faith, so actions had to be constantly controlled† (Kizer). Not only was memorizing this poem important for the adults, but the children were taught to memorize it as well. Wigglesworth definitely poured his heart into this poem which was demonstrated by his word choices and the length of the poem. Salvation and only that, it was he stood for.

Confidentiality within NHS psychological services

Confidentiality within NHS psychological services Free Online Research Papers It is an unfortunate occupational hazard that psychologists must face complex ethical dilemmas to which BPS and NHS guidance remains vague and/or fails to address (Barnett 2007). One area that remains particularly unclear is when, or even if, psychologists should breach confidentiality in the interest of the public good. Despite widespread acknowledgement of the moral uncertainty surrounding this domain, guidelines from regulatory bodies remain overly broad and delegate much of the decision making to the prerogative of the psychologist. With this in mind, these guidelines aim to assist NHS psychologists in making decisions regarding confidentiality by considering both NHS and BPS guidelines alongside current research and literature. Confidentiality is the ethical cornerstone of a psychologist’s duty, yet frequently it can also become an issue of uncertainty. This is reflected in the fact that amongst the complaints made to professional bodies each year, confidentiality breaches are by far the most commonly cited (Tribe Morissey 2005; Warburton 2005). Psychologists working in the NHS are currently accountable to both NHS and BPS ethical directives, which define confidentiality as â€Å"a duty of confidence arising when one person discloses information to another.† They advise that holding such information in confidence is both an ethical and legal obligation and that any breaches must be restricted to â€Å"professional purposes† (BPS 2009; Department of Health 2003). Confidentiality is an important ethical requirement for many reasons and is essential clinically because without it, psychologists struggle to build a trusting therapeutic relationship (Fulford 2001). Furthermore confidentiality is also a legal proviso; namely under the Data Protection Act (1998) and the Human Rights Act (1998). The NHS and the BPS do currently offer guidance on confidentiality and have procedures for sanctioning those contravening it. Within these guidelines both bodies acknowledge situations where it may be legally or ethically necessary to breach confidentiality, including when there is concern about the welfare/safety of a child and when there is an overriding public interest. Further, the BPS also advises that infractions of confidentiality may be necessary when clients themselves are at risk and both bodies advocate disclosure when court orders have been made (BPS 2009; Department of Health 2003). However, much of the literature reviewing these guidelines conce de that they are so broad that they leave too much to the prerogative of the psychologist and that from this ‘ethical dilemmas’ arise (Barnett 2007; Fisher 2008; Taylor Adelman 1998). The ethical dilemmas encountered by psychologists are broad; however one that is commonly cited is whether information should be disclosed in the face of significant public interest e.g. cases involving â€Å"murder, rape, treason, kidnapping or child abuse† (Department of Health 2003). However, due to the broad provisions within both BPS and NHS guidelines, deciding whether to breach confidentiality can be a difficult task. Often, professionals are concerned that they will either be sanctioned for disclosing information or face claims for negligence if they do not (Kaempf McSherry 2006). Therefore, these guidelines aim to advise psychologists in dealing with situations where public interest may outweigh the obligation to maintain confidentiality. Ethical guidelines for the disclosure of confidential information in the public interest: 1. Psychologists should be aware of the limitations to clients and their obligations to public interest. Psychologists should be prepared to do some â€Å"homework† on ethical guidelines, legal obligations and their own ethical position regarding confidentiality (Fisher 2008). The best solutions to a variety of foreseeable ethical dilemmas should also be considered in advance (Knapp et al. 2007). However, it is unrealistic to assume that all situations can be foreseen or prepared for and therefore psychologists should consider resources and peers they can consult with in case of a dilemma (Bennet et al. 1990). 2. Clients should be honestly and accurately informed of the limitations to confidentiality. It is ethical to inform patients of their right to confidentiality and it’s limitations before therapeutic engagement commences (Knapp VandeCreek 2001). However, this can potentially hinder the process of building trust and therefore it is advisable that psychologists develop a strategy to preserve the development of trust, standardise it and ask peers to review it (Taylor Adleman 1998). In situations where a client’s capacity is in question, psychologists should seek guidance before pursuing therapeutic engagement (Roberts 2002). 3. Psychologists should seek to obtain informed consent to disclose information in pre-agreed circumstances. Psychologists should also endeavour to obtain a client’s informed consent to disclose certain information in pre-agreed circumstances (Fisher 2008). These situations may include those that the psychologist has considered in their own preparations as well as any listed in NHS and BPS guidelines e.g. risk of harm to self or a third party. However such a process may hinder trust and therefore it may require careful discussion with some clients in order to reassure them (Taylor Adleman 1998). 4. Legal demands must be yielded to unless they can be legitimately contested. Pre-planning and self awareness may be extremely valuable in situations where psychologists are legally obliged to disclose confidential information (Fisher 2008). However, it is not possible to plan for every eventuality and in situations where the psychologist is ethically opposed to disclosure it is worth bearing in mind that court orders can be contested and there may be a case for â€Å"conscientious objection† (Knapp et al. 2007). Even so, if the final decision of the courts is that information must be disclosed; psychologists must do so as confidentiality is just one aspect of ethical practice and there is an ethical responsibility to protect public interest (Pope Vasquez 2007). 5. Psychologists should seek guidance from appropriate persons, regulatory bodies or organisations before making a disclosure. Whatever the conclusions reached in an ethical dilemma, it is imperative that psychologists consult with appropriate colleagues and/or take the issue to their manager/supervisor. When seeking guidance, psychologists should already have thought about their own position in the matter; the issues they would like to discuss and be prepared to document the consultation. Also, it is advisable to consider consulting with multiple individuals who will approach the dilemma from different perspectives (Corey et al 1998) and seek advice from a professional/colleague with experience in that particular area (Behnke 2007). To conclude, these guidelines set out to offer comprehensive, evidence-based guidance for psychologists facing ethical dilemmas in confidentiality – specifically whether to break confidentiality when there is an element of public interest. Five evidence based guidelines are proposed for such situations; however these guidelines cannot spell out the correct decision for every ethical dilemma and therefore clinical judgement remains an important aspect of ethical decision making. The impact of the limitations to confidentiality on the client-psychologist relationship has also been considered and it is concluded that despite the potential negative impact on trust, disclosure of information in some situations is necessary. However psychologists are advised to discuss the issue in an honest manner that helps to preserve the construction of trust between themselves and their client. It is also acknowledged that these guidelines are limited in that they cannot offer rigid, universal guidelines due to the area’s complexity; however, it would be unrealistic to expect any set of guidelines to be able to provide this. Therefore, these guidelines are successful in offering evidence-based guidance on ethical decision making in regards to confidentiality and pubic interest; however due to the complexity of the topic, they remain limited in certain respects. 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Reading Response 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading Response 7 - Essay Example ocial networking sites are obvious—students feel more connected and display more confidence when they are active participants on social networking sites. From my point of view, teachers who discourage the use of social networking sites only turn students against them. While social networking sites can be used for purposes other than schoolwork, which takes away from studies, there are many instances where social networking sites can assist students’ performance. Say for example than a student does not understand a concept completely and requires some additional help. If this is so, that particular student could ask for help from their peers and receive almost an instant response. The article does mention the downsides of using Facebook, such as lower grades, less money from part-time jobs, and loneliness. While all these things must be taken into consideration, I believe that the positives outweigh the negatives, and so social networking sites are something that should be encouraged. Lori Aratani’s article â€Å"Teens Can Multitask, But What Are Costs† discusses an issue that is rarely brought up. I can relate to Megan Casady because my life follows a similar trajectory. I am always moving from one task to the next while trying to juggle a few things at a time. But I don’t think that it is all bad because it shows how productive young people can be. Teenagers are at an age where they have the energy to go out and do all sorts of stuff, so why not let them have the freedom to do that if they wish? I admit that I do not really think about the consequences of multitasking; it is just something that we do. I think it comes from the pressure to be more than we currently are. I mean, there are only so many hours in the day, and it seems like a race to get as many things done as possible. If people took the time to slow down and concentrate on the small tasks in life, it may lead a healthier individual. This is something that I should maybe take in to